Boulder Court includes Boulder Justice Court, which handles civil and traffic violations occurring outside the city limits of Boulder and Whitehall and Boulder City City Court which handles the cases for the city. Both courts are in the Fifth judicial district of Montana. IS 15, IS 90, SR 2, SR 55, SR 69, SR 287 and SR 359 all service Jefferson county. SR 69 runs through Boulder while IS 15 just clips a piece of the Northwest corner.

When the area opened up to miners in the 1880's, the mines produced lead, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold ore and brought people to this city near the mines. After its establishment in the early 1860's as a town called Boulder Valley, so named because of the large number of boulders in the area; 19th century travelers would often stop at the stagecoach station on their to other destinations. However Boulder became much more than that when because of its central location farmers, ranchers, and miners used it as a trading center. Its central location also led to its selection for state schools educating the deaf, blind and developmentally disabled. One of these, the Montana Developmental center is one of the largest employers in Boulder. You can still soak in the geothermal baths at the restored Boulder Hot Springs hotel one of the buildings in this city on the National Register of Historic places.