Jerome District Court and the Jerome county magistrate court are both located in the same building. They are in the Fifth judicial district of Idaho. Major roads running through Jerome county are IS 84, US 93, SR 25 and SR 50.

Jerome County was patched together in the winter of 1919 from the parent counties of Gooding, Minidoka and Lincoln. Several years earlier it had been part of another county which no linger is in existence. The county had the ignominious distinction during World War II of being the site of the Minidoka Relocation Camp, a Japanese American internment camp. The Jerome County Historical society maintains two sites to bring the history of the area and its people to visitors. The museum has on display exhibits including items representing the development of the North Side Irrigation Project, agricultural pictures and early town pictures, items of everyday life and households, school rooms and Japanese-American Relocation Camp artifacts. The Idaho Farm and Ranch museum has collected old farm equipment and original buildings from the surrounding area to preserve the agricultural heritage of South central Idaho. At this location the Live History Day is held on a Saturday during the Summer to demonstrate old time farming and family life .